The South Sandwich Islands were claimed by … The South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited, though a permanently manned Argentine research station was located on Thule Island from 1976 to 1982 (for details, see § History above). The main island of South Georgia is approximately 170 km long and between 2 and 40 km wide and occupies an area of 3,755 km2, more than half of which is permanently ice covered. Map of South Georgia and the Sandwich Islands and its antipode Okhinsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, 694490, Russia. Automatic weather stations are on Thule Island and Zavodovski. While previously the island's glaciers formed a natural barrier to the spread of rats, these glaciers are now slowly melting as the climate warms. [44] In June 2015 the eradication programme concluded, apparently successfully, with the island believed "very likely" to be rat free. South Georgia is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The territory was formed in 1985; previously it was governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. The islands are host to a variety of endemic plant and animals species. A reasonable issue policy (few sets of stamps are issued each year) along with attractive subject matter (especially whales) makes them popular with topical stamp collectors. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands [1] are two groups of sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean east of the southern tip of South America, north of Antarctica. [5] The commercial Spanish ship León, operating out of Saint-Malo sighted it on 28 June or 29 June 1756.[6]. Westerly winds blow throughout the year interspersed with periods of calmâindeed, in 1963, 25% of winds were in the calm category at King Edward point, and the mean wind speed of around 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) is around half that of the Falkland Islands. While most of the South Georgia Island is permanently barren with mountains covered in glaciers, the South Sandwich Islands constitute volcanoes, some of which are active. [51] The marine ecosystem is thought to be vulnerable because its low temperatures mean that it can repair itself only very slowly. On 3 April, Argentine troops attacked and occupied Grytviken. A permanent local British administration and resident magistrate exercised effective possession, enforcement of British law, and regulation of all economic, scientific, and other activities in the territory, which was then governed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Rats, brought to the island as stowaways on sealing and whaling ships in the late 18th century,[37] have caused much damage to native wildlife, destroying tens of millions of ground-nesting birds' eggs and chicks. Argentina maintained a naval station, Corbeta Uruguay, on Thule Island in the South Sandwich Islands from 1976 until 1982 when it was closed by the Royal Navy. Explore similarities and differences. [45] Monitoring will continue for a further two or three years. Typical daily maximum temperatures in South Georgia at sea level are around 0 °C (32 °F) in winter (August) and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in summer (January). That same year, he came across another group of islands, the Sandwich Islands and named them "Sandwich Land.” "South" was added to differentiate the islands from the other Sandwich Islands, now referred to as the Hawaiian Islands. With the end of the whaling industry, the stations were abandoned. Both South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands have been identified as Important Bird Areas (IBA) by BirdLife International.[36]. The territory has revenues of £4.5 million, 80% of which is derived from fishing licences (2011 figures). A chief executive officer (Martin Collins) deals with policy matters and is director of SGSSI Fisheries, responsible for the allocation of fishing licences. Antarctica. The climate is classified as polar, and the weather is highly variable and harsh; making a tundra (ET) in Köppen climate classification. There are only four genuine first day cover sets from 16 March 1982 in existence. Stunningly beautiful and rugged, this island wildlife sanctuary, once visited, is not easily forgotten. The islands were tentatively named "Sandwich Land" by Cook, although he also commented that they might be a group of islands rather than a single body of land. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). South Georgia Island lies at 54°15â²S 36°45â²W / 54.250°S 36.750°W / -54.250; -36.750Coordinates: 54°15â²S 36°45â²W / 54.250°S 36.750°W / -54.250; -36.750 and has an area of 3,528 square kilometres (1,362 sq mi). What time is it? Argentina’s claim over South Georgia led to the 1982 Falklands War, during which Argentina’s forces shortly occupied the islands. The local topography, however, also contributes significantly to the low insolation. [21] Sea temperatures drop to 0 °C (32 °F) in late August and rise to around 4 °C (39.2 °F) only in early April. Background. 5.1 earthquake - South Atlantic Ocean, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, on Wednesday, 9 Dec 9:02 pm (GMT -2) Please check again later while we are collecting more data. South Georgia became a base for whaling beginning in the 20th century, until whaling ended in the 1960s. The island was recaptured by British forces on 25 April, in Operation Paraquet. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. The territory of "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" was formed in 1985; previously, it had been governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Toothfish are vital to the islands' economy; as a result, Toothfish Day is celebrated on 4 September as a bank holiday in the territory. The Falklands War was precipitated on 19 March 1982 when a group of Argentinians (most of them Argentine Marines in mufti), posing as scrap-metal merchants, occupied the abandoned whaling station at Leith Harbour on South Georgia. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. South Georgia is 167. The seven stations, all on the north coast with its sheltered harbours, were, from the west to east: The whaling stations' tryworks were unpleasant and dangerous places to work. General description, Wikimedia Atlas of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Map of the Argentine claim over Islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur, Live picture from the South Georgia webcam, Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom, South George and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&oldid=993214408, English-speaking countries and territories, Important Bird Areas of the British Overseas Territories, States and territories established in 1985, 1985 establishments in British Overseas Territories, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2014, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from July 2010, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, ÐелаÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ (ÑаÑаÑкевÑÑа)â, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-MartÃnez, Source 2: DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931â1960). Today very few people are present on the islands. 9 years ago. Tim Flannery wrote that its "putrid vapors [resembled] the pong of bad fish, manure, and a tanning works mixed together", and noted one bizarre peril: "A rotting whale could fill with gas to bursting, ejecting a fetus the size of a motor vehicle with sufficient force to kill a man."[9]. The territory gains income from landing charges and the sale of souvenirs. The scientists of this group observed the transit of Venus and recorded waves produced by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. In February 2011, the authorities announced that due to the reindeer's detrimental effect on native species and the threat of their spreading to presently pristine areas, a complete cull would take place, leading to the eradication of reindeer from the island. [20] and 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) at nearby King Edward point, both on the sheltered east side of the Islands. Conversely, the highest recorded temperature at Bird Island on the windward western side is a mere 14.5 °C (58.1 °F). As no permanent inhabitants live on the islands, no legislative council and no elections are needed. Other grasses include the tufted fescue (Festuca contracta), the Alpine cat's-tail (Phleum alpinum) and Antarctic hair-grass (Deschampsia antarctica), and one of the most common flowering plants is the greater burnet (Acaena magellanica). to top. Moderate mag. The only permanent settlements are the different research stations at the King Edward point, Grytviken, and the Bird Island. Time Zone: UTC-2. He claimed the territory for the Kingdom of Great Britain, nameing it the "Isle of Georgia" in honour of King George III of the United Kingdom. Cruise ships often combine a Grytviken visit with a trip to the Antarctic Peninsula. In 1985, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ceased to be administered as a Falkland Islands Dependency and became a separate territory. What do you think of the answers? 7 years ago. These four sets were removed during the Falklands War by a member of staff of the British Antarctic Survey in the few moments the Argentinians allowed them to gather their belongings. The prevailing weather conditions generally make the islands difficult to approach by ship, though the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays which provide good anchorage. On this epic voyage, not only will you explore the famed white continent and far-flung South Georgia, you will also sail to the South Sandwich Islands, a chain of seldom-visited volcanic islands located 740 kilometres south-east of South Georgia. Sailing vessels are now required to anchor out and can no longer tie up to the old whaling piers on shore. Land areas without permanent snow or ice cover host the Scotia Sea Islands tundra with almost 500 endemic plant species. [28], Economic activity in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is limited. Captain Cook claimed South Georgia for Great Britain in 1775. [49], The seas around South Georgia have a high level of biodiversity. They usually remain free of pack ice in winter, though thin ice may form in sheltered bays, and icebergs are common. Smaller islands and islets off the coast of South Georgia Island include: These remote rocks are also considered part of the South Georgia group: The South Sandwich Islands (Spanish: Islas Sandwich del Sur) comprise 11 mostly volcanic islands (excluding tiny satellite islands and offshore rocks), with some active volcanoes. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the southern Atlantic Ocean. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are a collection of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. James Cook circumnavigated the island in 1775 and made the first landing. In January 1922, during a later expedition, Shackleton died on board ship while moored in King Edward Cove, South Georgia. Holdgate, Martin W., and Peter Edward Baker. Grytviken. 0 0. asseenfromoutside. Birds unique to the archipelago are the South Georgia shag, South Georgia pipit, and the South Georgia pintail. English: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Tourism has become a larger source of income in recent years, with many cruise ships and sailing yachts visiting the area (the only way to visit South Georgia is by sea; there are no airstrips on the Islands). As one might expect, the sheltered eastern side can also record lower winter temperaturesâthe absolute minimum for Grytviken being â19.4 °C (â2.9 °F), King Edward Point â18.9 °C (â2.0 °F), but Bird Island just â11.4 °C (11.5 °F). Typical daily maximum temperatures in South Georgia at sea level are around 0 °C (32 °F) in winter (August) and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in summer (January). [32], South Georgia supports many sea birds, including albatross, a large colony of king penguins, Macaroni penguins[35] and penguins of various other species, along with petrels, prions, shags, skuas, gulls and terns. The financial secretary and attorney general of the territory are appointed ex officio similar appointments in the Falkland Islands' government. After popular demand, The Pobjoy Mint is delighted to announce the first 50 pence coin series on behalf of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Government. Executive power is vested in the Monarch of the United Kingdom and is exercised by the commissioner, a post held by the Governor of the Falkland Islands. In addition, the islands were classification as an Important Bird Area. No permanent native population lives in the South Sandwich Islands, and a very small non-permanent population resides on South Georgia. In April 1916, Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition became stranded on Elephant Island, some 800 miles (1,300 km) southwest of South Georgia. The marine system surrounding the islands is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth leading to the creation of the 410,000 sq mi Marine Protected Area. While three stayed at the coast, Shackleton and the two others, Tom Crean and Frank Worsley, went on to cover 22 miles (35 km) over the spine of the mountainous island to reach help at Stromness whaling station. Flights by RAF C-130 Hercules and Vickers VC10 (replaced by Voyager) aircraft also occasionally patrol the territory. Everything else was burnt, but these four sets were saved and brought to the UK by Robert Headland, BAS.
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