armée de l'air

An airbase commander has authority over all units stationed on his base. [29] According to Defense Minister Florence Parly, France reserves the right to arm French satellites with lasers for defensive purposes. The CPAs carry out common missions, as well as specialized tasks; including intervention and reinforcement of protection at the profit of sensible points " air " inside and outside the national territory. In 1985, the Air Force had four major flying commands, the Strategic Air Forces Command, the Tactical Air Forces Command, the Military Air Transport Command, and CAFDA (air defence).[26]. The territorial division was abolished by decree n°2007-601 of 26 April 2007. Armée de l'air indienne. The Air Force is awaiting the Airbus A400M military transport aircraft, which is in development. His secret weapon was thus exposed, and Anthony Fokker came up with the synchronization gear that turned airplanes into flying gun platforms. 'Army of the Air and Space') is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. The CEMAA is assisted by a Deputy Chief, the Major Général de l'Armée de l'Air. The tactical air command included wings EC 3, EC 4, EC 7, EC 11, EC 13, and ER 33, with a total of 19 squadrons of Mirage III, Jaguars, two squadrons flying the Mirage 5F (EC 2/13 and EC 3/13, both at Colmar), and a squadron flying the Mirage F.1CR. It is supported by bases, which are supervised and maintained by staff, centres of operations, warehouses, workshops, and schools. More than ten bases have been closed since 2009. [38] The problems caused by having the aircraft maintenance units not responsible to the flying squadrons they supported eventually forced the change. Aircraft of the French Air and Space Force include:[43], Since the end of the Algerian War, the French Air Force has comprised about 17 to 19% of the French Armed Forces. Jeudi 26 novembre 2020, l’armée de l’Air et de l’Espace a réceptionné à Roissy Charles-de-Gaulle son premier A330-200 aux couleurs de la République française. Commanded by a Lieutenant-colonel or Colonel, the Escadre is a formation that assembles various units and personnel dedicated to the same mission. La mission de protection des bases aériennes est confiée, suivant les pays, à l'armée de l'air, l'armée de terre ou plus rarement a une arme spécialisée dans la lutte antiaérienne. The burgeoning French aircraft inventory afforded the formation of Groupement de Combat de la Somme under Capitaine Felix Brocard. Since 1945, the French Air Force was notably engaged in Indochina (1945–1954). [citation needed], A fighter squadron (escadron) can number some twenty machines, spread in general in three Escadrilles. L'IISS évaluait l'armée de l'air yougoslave à 29 000 hommes (dont 3 500 conscrits), mettant en œuvre 489 avions de combat et 165 hélicoptères armés. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 mai 2020 à 15:15. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, and then made an independent military arm in 1934, becoming the French Air Force. A couple of night bombardment groupes were also founded. They form several functions: Non-navigating personnel of the French Air Force include and are not limited to : Systems Aerial Mechanics (French: mécanicien système aéronautique), Aerial Controllers (French: contrôleur aérien), Meteorologists (French: météorologue), Administrative Personnel, Air Parachute Commandos (French: Commandos parachutistes de l'air), in Informatics, in Infrastructures, in Intelligence, Commissioner of the Armies (French: Commissaire) (Administrator Task). The Dassault Mirage IV, the principal French strategic bomber, was designed to strike Soviet positions as part of the French nuclear triad. YEMA collabore une première fois avec l’Armée de l’Air auprès des Sauveteurs Plongeurs Héliportés avec l’un des premiers modèles de YEMA Superman en dotation. Finally, the CEMAA is assisted by the Inspectorate of the French Air and Space Force (IAA) and by the French Air an… Beyond the metropole/Europe, 7 Aerial Bases or permanent detachments in overseas or country. It was followed by Escadre de Combat No. Les missions les plus courantes sont : La composante aéronavale des forces armées (aviation embarquée à bord de porte-aéronefs et aviation basée à terre chargée de la surveillance maritime) est, le plus souvent, sous la responsabilité des forces navales (voir l'article aéronautique navale). It was not until 2 July 1934, that the "special arm" became an independent service and was totally independent. French joint defence service organisations, supporting the air force, include:[31]. fonctionnelle : ce sont les appellations liées à l'exécution d'une mission particulière. Avec 23 % de femmes au sein de nos effectifs, nous formons le corps militaire le plus féminisé. The Groupement was successful despite Tricornet's death in a mishap. [22] A 1919 newspaper article reported that the French Air Force had a 61% percent war loss.[23]. Temporary and semi-permanent foreign deployments include transport aircraft at Dushanbe (Tajikistan, Operation Héraclès), and fighter aircraft in N'Djamena (Tchad, Opération Épervier), for instance. Up to date airline profiles for up to 5,000 airlines and aircraft operators: Fleet lists, schedule, news, route network, IATA/ICAO codes, alliances, subsidiaries, regional partners and codeshare agreements, launch year, mergers and rebranding, stock market quotes and URLs. The French Air and Space Force (French: Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace Française [aʁme də l‿ɛʁ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; lit. Légifrance, base CDEF(R), numéro R3224-8, Code de la Défense, Art. The Air Force directs the Joint Space Command. [38], Commanded by a lieutenant-colonel, the Escadron is the basic operational unit. Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace recrute en ce moment dans le Centre. For instance: Transport Escadron 1/64 Béarn (French: escadron de transport 1/64 Béarn) (more specifically Transport Escadron 01.064 Béarn), which belonged to the 64th Transport Escadre (French: 64e Escadre de Transport) during the dissolution of the later (recreated in August 2015). Officers, within their recruitment and future specialty, are trained at: Officers of the French Air Force are spread in three corps: Non-commissioned officers (Sous-Officiers) are trained at: Military Air Technicians (French: militaires techniciens de l’air) having been trained until 1 July 2015 at the Center of Elementary Military Formation (French: " Centre de formation militaire élémentaire ") of the Technical Instruction School of the French Air Force (French: École d'enseignement technique de l'Armée de l'air) of Saintes. Under the leadership of new commander Captain Auguste de Reverand, such flying aces as Georges Guynemer, Charles Nungesser, and Albert Deullin began their careers. Again, each new Groupe was assigned four Nieuport fighter squadrons; again, each was sent to support a different French field army. Within the metropolitan territory of France, 27 airbases, out of the which 18 aeronautical platform with perceived runways and 5 Bases non-platform, two schools, 3 air detachments and " one attached air element " (EAR). L’armée de l’Air et l'Espace compte près de 47 000 personnes, dont 42 000 militaires. The main targets of this project were to simplify the command structure, to regroup all military and civil air force functions and to rationalise and optimise all air force units. In 2009 France rejoined the NATO Military Command Structure, having been absent since 1966. [15], The escadres were not the end of the French accumulation of air power. Le bracelet Canvas (Tissu) est avant tout choisi pour sa rigidité dans les conditions les plus extrêmes. Also established was the Escadre Aérienne de Commandement et de Conduite Projetable (French: Escadre Aérienne de Commandement et de Conduite Projetable) at Évreux-Fauville Air Base on 27 August 2015. The following year, another Wright biplane, a Bleriot, and two Farmans were added to the lone acquisition. Under the authority of the Chief of Staff of the French Air Force (CEMAA) in Paris, the Air and Space Force includes: Air and Space Force headquarters is co-located, alongside the Chief of the Defence Staff's offices (EMA) as well with Army and Navy headquarters at the Balard. chef de patrouille : il peut commander une formation aérienne. CAFDA numbered 14 squadrons mostly flying the Mirage F.1C. The directorate is responsible for Air Force recruitment via the recruiting bureau. Doullens Air Base (BA 922) was a former command and reporting centre; Toulouse - Francazal Air Base (BA 101), was closed on 1 September 2009; Colmar-Meyenheim Air Base (BA 132) was closed on 16 June 2010; Metz-Frescaty Air Base (BA 128) was closed on 30 June 2011; Brétigny-sur-Orge Air Base (BA 217), closed 26 June 2012; Cambrai - Épinoy Air Base (BA 103), was closed on 28 June 2012; Reims – Champagne Air Base (June 2012); Drachenbronn Air Base (BA 901) closed on 17 July 2015; Dijon Air Base (BA 102), was vacated on 30 June 2016;[42] Creil Air Base (BA 110) vacated on 31 August 2016; and Taverny Air Base (DA 921), the former Strategic Air Forces Command headquarters. [17] Howeverk 5,500 pilots and observers were killed out of the 17,300 engaged in the conflict, amounting to 31% of endured losses. Young(ed),"Command in NATO after the Cold War", 96. Elle utilise des systèmes d'armes composés essentiellement de radars. Each groupe would be stocked with 72 fighters. [10], In March 1912, the French parliament enacted legislation to establish the air arm. The reserve element of the air and space force consisted of 5,187 personnel of the Operational Reserve.[8]. This ad hoc unit patrolling the skies over Verdun was the first French Groupement de Chasse. Groupe de Combat 23 followed soon thereafter. Les missions et l'organisation varient mais le point commun est généralement la mise en œuvre d'avions, d'hélicoptères ou de drones militaires ainsi que l'entretien et la protection des infrastructures associées. [15], On 25 June 1918, Groupe de Combat 22 was founded. However, the term Group did not entirely disappear: the term was retained for the Aerial Group 56 Mix Vaucluse, specialized in Special Operations or Group – Groupe de Ravitaillement en Vol 02.091 Bretagne (French: Groupe de Ravitaillement en Vol 02.091 Bretagne) which is still carrying the same designation since 2004. [13], On 19 October 1916, three fixed Groupes de Combat were established, each to consist of four escadrilles. Five major commands, were formed, instead of the former 13, and several commands and units were disbanded.[36]. All air regions were disestablished on 1 January 2008. [20], By the time of the armistice of 11 November 1918, France had 3,608 planes in service. Lorsque ces composantes sont rattachées à d'autres armées elles sont souvent appelées Aviation de l'Armée, Aviation de l'armée de terre ou Aviation maritime (appelée aussi Aéronavale ou leur équivalent dans la langue du pays). Liste des composantes aériennes militaires, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Composante_aérienne_militaire&oldid=171164912, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. En 2012, l'armée de l'air compte environ 20 300 militaires et 450 aéronefs. These last two brigades belonged until 2013 to the Air Force Support Command (CSFA), which maintained the arms systems, equipment, information and communication systems (SIC) as well as infrastructure. In 1994 the Commandment of the Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air was reestablished under a different form. The decree of 14 July 1991 reduced the air regions to three: « RA Atlantic », « RA Mediterranean » and «  RA North-East ». Gratuite et... rémunérée, elle se décompose en une formation initiale, militaire (de 3 à … 1 was created out of Groupe de Combat 15, Groupe de Combat 18, and Groupe de Combat 19. 176.1k Followers, 76 Following, 1,243 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Armée de l’Air et de l’Espace (@armeedelair) By December, the plans called for 70 new squadrons. As bombing aircraft were also being concentrated into larger units, the new division would also contain Escadre de Bombardement No. La mission de détection des intrusions dans l'espace aérien national est, le plus souvent, dévolue à la composante aérienne. L'armée de l'Air et de l'Espace recrute 3500 femmes et hommes.Vous aussi rejoignez la communauté des Aviateurs. L'histoire de l'Armée de l'air française est à la fois celle des moyens aériens militaires (aéronefs et pilotes) et celle des supports à ces moyens (mécaniciens, surveillance aérienne, protection, administration).Elle débute avec l'aéronautique militaire. Il marque de manière symbolique le passage à l'armée de l'Air et de l'Espace opéré depuis le 24 juillet 2020. This term replaced that of Group as of 1949 with the aim to standardize usage with the allies of NATO who were using the term 'squadron'. On 4 February 1918, Escadre de Combat No. Asie; Armée de l'air indienne ; Rappels. The last remaining squadron of Dassault Mirage F1s were retired in July 2014 and replaced by the Dassault Rafale. This experienced flier was given a free hand to select pilots and airplanes for a new unit tasked with keeping German observation craft from over the French lines. In 2008, forecasts for personnel of the French Air Force were expected to number 50,000 out of which 44,000 aviators on the horizon in 2014. Son budget annuel est de 7,5 milliards d’euros en 2020, soit 20 % du budget … ; la participation à la dissuasion nucléaire, si disponible. Servez votre pays en rejoignant l’armée de l’air pour vivre une expérience hors norme en soutien des opérations aériennes. [citation needed], The Escadrilles adopted the traditions of the prestigious units out of which most (SPA and SAL),[note 1] are those traditions of the First World War. The French Air Force played an important role in WWII, most notably during the Battle of France in 1940. Also created in 1964 was the Escadron des Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air (EFCA), seemingly grouping all FCA units. The Chief of Staff of the French Air Force (CEMAA) determines French Air and Space Force doctrines application and advises the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA) on the deployment, manner, and use of the Air and Space Force. Une composante aérienne militaire, Force aérienne ou encore Armée de l'air est le titre générique donné aux entités aériennes dépendantes des forces armées d'un État. In 2010, the number personnel of the French Air Force was reduced to 51,100 men and women (20%) out of which: 13% officers; 55% sous-officier; 29% air military technicians (MTA); 3% volunteers of national service and aspirant volunteers; 6,500 civilians (14%). Two other commands had flying units, the Air Force Training Command, and the Air Force Transmissions Command, with four squadrons and three trials units. Au 1er juillet 2019, 40 800 militaires et 5 200 civils servent dans ses rangs. Le projet de location d'au moins d'une douzaine d'Airbus Helicopters H225 pour l'Armée de l'Air est toujours maintenu. [3][4] The number of aircraft in service with the French Air and Space Force varies depending on the source, however sources from the French Ministry of Defence give a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. [5][6] The French Air and Space Force has 225 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 117 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. [12], On 21 February 1916, the Verdun Offensive began. From then on, whether in whole or in part, the Division Aerienne fought until war's end. En 2017, la Superman appréciée pour sa fiabilité et sa lisibilité extrême est de nouveau choisie, mais cette fois-ci pour être proposée aux pilotes de l’Armée de l’Air. As of November 2016, 11 A400M aircraft had been delivered to ET00.061 at Orleans-Bricy, and integration of the new Dassault Rafale multi-role jet fighter was underway, whose first squadron of 20 aircraft became operational in 2006 at Saint-Dizier. A pilot is assigned to the Escadrille, however the equipment and material devices, on the other hand, are assigned to the Escadron. Pilots, Mechanical Navigating Officer (French: Mécanicien Navigant), Navigating Arms Systems Officer (French: Navigateur Officier Système d'Armes) (NOSA), Combat Air Medic (French: Convoyeur de l'Air) (CVA). De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "armée de l'air" – Dictionnaire anglais-français et moteur de recherche de traductions anglaises. New weapons demand new tactics. Elle ne dispose pas de grands moyens financiers, et sa force aérienne reste limitée. L'armée de terre peut également mettre en œuvre une composante aérienne chargée du combat aéroterrestre, avec principalement des hélicoptères, de l'aviation légère et des drones. Bienvenue sur l'organigramme interactif de l'armée de l'Air et de l'Espace en date du x x 2020. 2, formed on the 27th from Groupe de Combat 11, Groupe de Combat 13, and Groupe de Combat 17. After destroying three German airplane, Garros came down behind enemy lines on 18 April 1915. [citation needed], The Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air comprise:[39]. By 8 October, expansion to 65 escadrilles was being planned. R.3224-8, Michel L. Martin, Le déclin de l'armée de masse en France. Dessinée et conçue conjointement avec l’Armée de l’Air, cette Édition Limitée à 1948 exemplaires reprend tous les codes esthétiques du modèle Heritage mais est dotée d'une lunette acier, un cadran noir mat, d’aiguilles avec revêtement PVD noir et d’un dateur fond noir également afin de renforcer le côté camouflage de la montre. The various Nieuport models were now being phased out as the new SPADs filled the inventories of the French. [13], During March 1917, Groupe de Combat 14 and Groupe de Combat 15 were formed. The Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force (CEMAAE) is a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA). CoTAM counted 28 squadrons, of which ten were fixed-wing transport squadrons, and the remainder helicopter and liaison squadrons, at least five of which were overseas. [19] A 1919 newspaper article reported that the French Air Force had a 61% percent war loss. [34][35], From 2008 to 2010 the French Air Force underwent the "Air 2010" streamlining process. The Air and Space Force is organized in conformity to Chapter 4/ Title II/ Book II of the Third Part of the Defense Code (French: code de la Défense), which replaced decree n° 91-672 of 14 July 1991. On 22 October 1910, General Pierre Roques was appointed Inspector General of what was becoming referred to as the Cinquieme Arme, or Fifth Service. Les meilleures offres pour Dague de parade. L'exercice du commandement dans l'armée de Terre 3.29 MB Action terrestre future 3.64 MB L'alliance du sens et de la force 3.91 MB Livre kaki 4.13 MB Retrouvez-nous sur : You tube En 1998, les hélicoptères appartenant à l'Armée de l'Air (Flygvapnet), la Marine (Marinen) et à l'Armée de Terre (Armen) suédoises ont été regroupés au sein d'une flottille spéciale, la Försvarsmaktens … La semaine dernière, l'armée de l'Air française a dévoilé son nouveau logo. Nous garantissons l’égalité de traitement – tant sur le plan du salaire que du déroulement de carrière – à l’ensemble de … At the beginning of World War I, France had a total of 148 planes (eight from French Naval Aviation (aéronautique navale)) and 15 airships..[11] Air traffic controllers are trained at the Center of Instruction Control and Air Defense (French: Centre d'Instruction du Contrôle et de la Défense Aérienne). Vous aussi rejoignez la communauté des Aviateurs. French airmen had also destroyed 357 observation balloons. Three other squadrons--Escadrilles 37, N.62, and N.65 were temporarily attached at various times. Les armées françaises ouvrent un nouveau chapitre de leur histoire. L’armée de l’air peut ajouter le terme « espace » à son nom. [13], Encouraged by the success of their original Groupement, the French massed several escadrilles for the Battle of the Somme. Numbered 11, 12, and 13, they were only the first three Groupements. Cette force fut disloquée lors des conflits qui marquèrent l'implosion de la Yougoslavie au début des années 1990. France sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spécificités des produits neufs et d'occasion Pleins d'articles en livraison gratuite! 12 and Escadre de Bombardement No. [10], Meanwhile, even as procurement efforts scaled up, inventive airmen were trying to use various light weapons against opposing airplanes. Since 1 July 2015, training has taken place at Orange-Caritat Air Base, within the " Operational Combatant Preparation Center of the Air Force " (French: Centre de préparation opérationnelle du combattant de l'Armée de l'air). On average, a base, made up of about 1500 personnel (nearly 3500 people including family), provides a yearly economic boost to its area of about 60 million euros. SUPER KING AIR 350 ALSR, DES SHADOW R MK-1 À LA FRANÇAISE ? Four Escadres were reformed in the first phase:[38], In the second phase, the French Air and Space Force announced in August 2015 the creation of six additional wings:[38]. Finally, the CEMAA is assisted by the Inspectorate of the French Air and Space Force (IAA) and by the French Air and Space Force Health Service Inspection (ISSAA). The Groupement was formed on 1 July 1916 with a posting of four Nieuport escadrilles: Escadrilles N.3, N.26, 73, and N.103. Les offres d’emploi de Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace, société spécialisée en Défense sont sur CentreJob, le spécialiste de … After 1945, France rebuilt its aircraft industry. [24] However, it remained under the auspices of the French Army. On 1 July 2000 was placed into effect an organization consisting of « RA North » (RAN) and « RA South » (RAS). Protection Squadrons protect airbases inside and outside the national territory, and in exterior operations as well. The French Air and Space Force has, as of 1 August 2014: Some French airbases house radar units (e.g. Aspirant élève de l'École de l'air (EA) (Officer candidate, air force academy), Aspirant élève de l'École militaire de l'air (EMA) (Officer candidate, military flight school), Élève officier de l'École de l'air (EA) (Officer cadet, air force academy), Elève officier du personnel navigant (EOPN)(Navigation officer cadet), Air and space warfare branch of France's armed forces. Directorate of Human Resources of the French Air and Space Force; Operational Center for Military Surveillance of Space Objects (, Analysis and Simulation Center for Air Operations Preparation (, Air Force Operational Awareness and Planning Brigade (, Satellite Observation Military Center 01.092, The Integrated Structure of Maintaining Operational Conditioning of Aeronautical Defense Materials (, units (escadrons or groups) generally equipped with the same type of aircraft or at least assuring the same type of mission. Forums pour discuter de armée de l'air, voir ses formes composées, des exemples et poser vos questions. From 1964 until 1971 the French Air Force had the unique responsibility for the French nuclear arm via Dassault Mirage IV or ballistic missiles of Air Base 200 Apt-Saint-Christol on the Plateau d'Albion. armée de l'air - traduction français-anglais. [citation needed], The squadrons have retained the designations of the former Escadres disbanded during the 1990s. Military aeronautics was established as a "special arm" by the law of 8 December 1922. Il est dotée d’un revêtement cuir sur sa partie inférieur pour plus de confort au porté et est décoré par le logo et la mention Armée de l’Air. Les termes les plus utilisés pour désigner ces composantes, lorsqu'elles sont indépendantes, sont : Force aérienne (Air Force, pour les pays anglophones, Fuerza Aérea, pour les pays hispanophones, etc), Forces aériennes ou Armée de l'air pour certains pays francophones. Elle totalise 170 000 heures de vol par an. L'Armée de l'air française est la plus ancienne force aérienne au monde. The designation of " Escadre " was replaced with that of regiment in 1932 and was designated until 1994, a unit grouping : Escadres (wings) were dissolved from 1993 as part of the Armées 2000 reorganisation, were reestablished in 2014. The engagement of the Free French Air Forces from 1940 to 1943, and then the engagement of the aviators of the French Liberation Army, were also important episodes in the history of the French Air Force. They are responsible for the preparation and logistic support of the French Air and Space Force. Il existe, au sein des forces aériennes, deux chaînes hiérarchiques : Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. 13. Reposant sur les compétences, le savoir-faire et l'engagement permanent de ses aviateurs, c'est l'armée de … [7] As of early 2017, the French Air and Space Force employs a total of 41,160 regular personnel. Not all escadrons (Squadrons) are necessarily attached to an Escadre. A Transport Escadron (French: Escadron de Transport) can theoretically count a dozen Transall C-160, however, numbers are usually much less for heavier aircraft (three Airbus A310-300 and two Airbus A340-200 for the Transport Escadron 3/60 Estérel (French: Escadron de Transport 3/60 Estérel)). L'armée de l'air espagnole est une composante des Forces armées espagnoles. The French Air Force was active in Algeria from 1952 until 1962 and Suez (1956), later Mauritania and Chad, the Persian Gulf (1990–1991), ex-Yugoslavia and more recently in Afghanistan, Mali and Iraq. Les forces aériennes soviétiques en étaient d'ailleurs quasiment absentes, les moyens de la 34e Armée Aérienne étant surtout concentrés en Azerbaïdjan et en Géorgie. Flying activity in France is carried out by a network of bases, platforms and French air and space defence radar systems. Depending on the units tasks this means that he is responsible for approximately 600 to 2500 personnel. The French Air and Space Force announced in August 2015 that unit numbering, moves of affected aircraft, and the transfer of historic material (flags, traditions and names) would be completed in 2016. Consequently, determining the sites for air bases constitutes a major part of regional planning.[40]. [16], Then, on 15 July 1918, the Division was committed to the Second Battle of the Marne. Accordingly, from 1962, the French political leadership reprioritized its military emphasis on nuclear deterrence, implementing a complete reorganisation of the Air Force, with the creation of four air regions and seven major specialised commands, among which were the Strategic Air Forces Command, COTAM, the Air Command of Aerial Defense Forces (French: Commandement Air des Forces de Défense Aérienne, CAFDA), and the Force aérienne tactique (FATac). Note sur quelques paramètres organisationnels, Revue française de sociologie, volume 22, number 22-1, year 1981, pages 87–115, Bilan social 90, Editor : Direction de la fonction militaire et du personnel civil, 1990, total pages 62, passage 6 to 8, Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force, History of the Armée de l'Air (1909–1942), History of the Armée de l'Air (colonial presence 1939–1962), Commandement Air des Forces de Défense Aérienne, Système de Commandement et de Conduite des Opérations Aérospatiales, Joint Directorate of Infrastructure Networks and Information Systems, Air Force Security and Intervention Forces Brigade, Brigade Aérienne des Forces de Sécurité et d'Intervention, Structure Intégrée de Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle des Matériels Aéronautiques de la Défense, 31e Escadre Aérienne de Ravitaillement et de Transport Stratégiques, Escadre Aérienne de Commandement et de Conduite Projetable, Groupe de Ravitaillement en Vol 02.091 Bretagne, French air and space defence radar systems, École de formation des sous-officiers de l'armée de l'air, École de formation des sous-officiers de l'Armée de l'air, Escadron de formation des commandos de l'air, École d'enseignement technique de l'Armée de l'air, List of French Air and Space Force aircraft squadrons, http://www.defense.gouv.fr/content/download/511454/8625925/Les%20chiffres%20cle%CC%81s%20de%20la%20D%C3%A9fense%20%C3%A9dition%202017%20EN.pdf, https://www.en24.news/2020/09/the-french-air-and-space-force-officially-sees-the-light-of-day.html, https://www.aviation24.be/military-aircraft/french-air-force/france-goodbye-air-army-hello-air-and-space-army/, "Annuaire statistique de la défense 2013–2014", "Annuaire statistiques de la défense 2012–2013", France announces Air and Space Force, due to launch in 2020, Journale Officiel de la République Française of 9 December 1922, "Sarkozy confirmed that France will soon return to NATO's integrated command", French President Emmanuel Macron announces creation of French space force, 'May the force be with vous’: France unveils space weapons plan, "Chammal : visite du commandant de la brigade aérienne de l'aviation de chasse", Décret n° 2007-601 du 26 avril 2007, modifiant la première partie du code de la Défense (partie réglementaire), Nouvelles escadres aériennes : une cohérence opérationnelle accrue, des valeurs renforcées, "France faced with developments in the international and strategic context", "Le ministère commande la rénovation à mi-vie des Mirage 2000 D", "Alert 5 " French Air Force retires the Mirage 2000N – Military Aviation News", "France Confirms Order for Eight MRTT Tankers", "France orders three more Airbus A330 MRTT tankers", "France – MQ-9 Reapers – The Official Home of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency", "France –C-130J Aircraft – The Official Home of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency", "UNVEILED THE FIRST PILATUS PC-21 FOR FRENCH AIR FORCE".

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