L'île Amsterdam est d'origine volcanique, d'aspect plutôt massif avec une superficie de 58 km2. [9] Relics of the sealing period include try pots, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions. Since 1992, the French Centre National d'Ãtudes Spatiales (CNES) has operated a satellite and rocket tracking station, located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Port-aux-Français. Date: 17 March 2009: Source: One of the buildings was restored in 1977, and another in 2007. [clarification needed]. Archipel des Kerguelen - Carte - Subantarctique - Mapcarta In 1908, the French explorer Raymond Rallier du Baty made a privately funded expedition to the island. The islands are part of the Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra ecoregion that includes several subantarctic islands. [31], The islands appear in a number of fictional works. The Kerguelen islands form an emerged part of the submerged Kerguelen Plateau, which has a total area nearing 2.2 million km2 (0.85 million sq mi). Ce dimanche 6 décembre, la tête de la course passe au large des îles Kerguelen (carte ci-dessus) qui sont soumises à de fortes conditions météo en raison d’une dépression (969 hPa) située au sud de ces îles. L’archipel, d’une superficie d’environ 7 215 km 2, est constitué d’une île principale, Grande Terre, entourée de plus de 300 îles et îlots satellites, pour la plupart très proches de l’île principale. Sa superficie est de 6 675 km2, ce qui en fait la troisième plus grande île française après la Grande Terre de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et la Corse. Cabane Port-Raymond is a scientific camp at the head of a fjord cutting into the Courbet Peninsula from the south. UTM projection, WGS84 datum; The main island of the archipelago is called La Grande Terre. The surrounding seas are generally rough and they remain ice-free year-round. S'y relaient environ 80 scientifiques en hiver et 120 en été, ainsi qu'une dizaine d'ingénieurs et de techniciens. In 1877 the French started a coal mining operation, but soon abandoned it.[18]. The major part of the volcanic formations visible on the islands is characteristic of an effusive volcanism, which caused a trap rock formation to start emerging above the level of the ocean 35 million years ago. Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (T.A.A.F. In 1874â1875, British, German, and U.S. expeditions visited Kerguelen to observe the transit of Venus. Il sera néanmoins freiné par les hautes pressions centrées au milieu de l’océan Indien. This form of volcanism creates a monumental relief shaped as stairs of pyramids. Other forms of volcanism are present locally, such as the strombolian volcano Mont Ross, and the volcano-plutonic complex on the Rallier du Baty peninsula. Fail there â ye've time to weld your shaft â ay, eat it, ere ye're spoke, Villes []. Les Îles Kerguelen font partie des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises et réservées aux recherches scientifiques, portant sur la météorologie et la sismologie notamment.. Comprendre []. It was named by Captain. Thomas Nelson and Sons: London) describes the months that he spent surveying the island and hunting seals to finance his expedition. [32] French writer Jules Verne's 1897 novel An Antarctic Mystery offers a follow up to Poe's book, and revisits the Kerguelen Islands. L’archipel est situé près du 50e parallèle, les fameux « cinquantièmes hurlants ». Carte détaillée des îles Kerguelen Les îles Kerguelen sont un archipel localisé au sud de l' Océan Indien . Port Jeanne d'Arc is a former whaling station founded by a Norwegian whaling company in 1908, and a former geomagnetic station, and lies in the northwestern corner of Presqu'île Jeanne d'Arc, looking across the Buenos Aires passage to Ãle Longue (4 km, 2.5 mi northeast). There are also feral rabbits and sheep that can be hunted, as well as wild birds. lll Aktuelle eBay Gutscheine Finde täglich die besten Gutscheincodes Sichere dir Rabatte und spare Geld bei deiner Bestellung auf mydealz.de. These are those of the settlers who were unable to survive in the harsh environment. Kerguelen's sedimentary rocks are similar to ones found in Australia and India, indicating they were all once connected. Carte de Îles Kerguelen Retour en haut: Ces coordonnées sont approximatives. Agricultural activities were limited until 2007 to raising sheep (about 3,500 Bizet sheep, a breed that is rare in mainland France) on Longue Island for consumption by the occupants of the base, as well as small quantities of vegetables in a greenhouse within the immediate vicinity of the main French base. La Grande Terre des Kerguelen est l'île principale de cet archipel français de l'océan Indien. The accumulation is of a considerable amount; basalt flows, each with a thickness of three to ten metres, stacked on top of each other, sometimes up to a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). Starting in 1912, sheep were raised here to create an economic base for future settlement. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 12 mars 2020 à 10:35. On 6 January 1774 he commanded his lieutenant, Henri Pascal de Rochegude, to leave a message notifying any passers-by of the two passages and of the French claim to the islands. It measures 150 km (93 mi) east to west and 120 km (75 mi) north to south. The main island is the home of a well-established feral cat population, descended from ships' cats. [5] There is also a French satellite tracking station. Overall, the glaciers of the Kerguelen Islands cover just over 500 km2 (190 sq mi). [38], Kerguelen and island-based research facilities are an important part of Craig A. Falconer's 2015 science fiction novel Not Alone[39] and its sequel Not Alone: Second Contact. [14], The Australian James Kerguelen Robinson (1859â1914) was the first human born south of the Antarctic Convergence, on board the sealing ship Offley in Gulf of Morbihan (Royal Sound then), Kerguelen Island on 11 March 1859.[15][16]. The wildlife is particularly vulnerable to introduced species; one particular problem has been cats. Observatory Bay was also used by the German Antarctic Expedition, led by Erich Dagobert von Drygalski in 1902â1903. Erosion caused by the glacial and fluvial activity carved out the valleys and fjords; erosion also created conglomerate detrital complexes, and the plain of the Courbet Peninsula. la Îles Kerguelen (en français: Archipel des Kerguélen ou, plus simplement, Kerguélen Archipel) Est archipel dell 'océan Indien Du Sud. The German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis called at Kerguelen during December 1940. In 2000 British journalist and former Conservative MP Matthew Parris spent four months on Kerguelen, staying with the researchers at Port-aux-Français. This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 16:55. They are among the most isolated places on Earth, located more than 3,300 km (2,100 mi) from Madagascar, the nearest permanently populated location; Heard Island is 450 km (280 mi) to the south-east. Over the course of several decades, many permanent glaciers have shown signs of retreat, with some smaller ones having disappeared completely. This ship's first fatality of the war occurred when a sailor, Bernhard Herrmann, fell while painting the funnel. There are also populations of wild sheep (Ovis orientalis orientalis) and reindeer. The so-called Kerguelen sub-continent may have had tropical flora and fauna about 50 million years ago. The islands inspired the 2008 song "The Loneliest Place on the Map" by singer Al Stewart. The climate is harsh and chilly with frequent high winds throughout the year. In 1924, it was decided to administer these territories (in addition to that portion of Antarctica claimed by France and known as Adélie Land) from Madagascar; as with all Antarctic territorial claims, France's possession on the continent is held in abeyance until a new international treaty is ratified that defines each claimant's rights and obligations. The main island, Grande Terre, is 6,675 km2 (2,577 sq mi) in area, about three quarters of the size of Corsica, and is surrounded by a further 300 smaller islands and islets,[4] forming an archipelago of 7,215 km2 (2,786 sq mi). [6] Yves de Kerguelen organised a second expedition in 1773 and arrived at the "baie de l'Oiseau" by December 1773. Providing you with color coded visuals of areas with cloud cover. However, the attempt failed and the last inhabitants had to be evacuated, and the station abandoned, in 1931. He is buried in what is sometimes referred to as "the southernmost German war grave" of World War II. Elle représente d'ailleurs 90 % de la superficie totale des îles Kerguelen. Îles Kerguelen : Consultez sur Tripadvisor le plus grand recueil d'avis et trouvez des conseils sur les endroits où sortir, manger et dormir à Îles Kerguelen, France. Author: Sémhur: The former sounding rocket range to the east of Port-aux-Français is currently the site of a SuperDARN radar. Waves up to 12â15 m (39â49 ft) high are common, but there are many sheltered places where ships can anchor. Îles Kerguelen is an island in French Southern and Antarctic Lands and has an elevation of 409 metres. Annual high temperatures rarely surpass 20 °C (68 °F), while temperatures in winter have never been recorded below â10 °C (14 °F) at sea level. The huts remain, as well as a graveyard with five anonymous graves. Le littoral de la Grande Terre est fortement découpé et forme de nombreuses péninsules et presqu'îles. La base scientifique des Îles Kerguelen Port-aux-Français, seul peuplement permanent, a été fondé en 1950 sur un site abrité, ce qui ne le protège pas des grains, comme celui-ci. Elles sont éloignées de plus de 3 400 km de La Réunion, terre habitée la plus proche. [36] The Kerguelen Islands were the setting for a post-Second World War confrontation between W. E. Johns's recurring hero, Biggles, and the crew of a gold bullion-bearing German U-boat, in the 1948 novel Biggles' Second Case. Kerguelen est une des îles composants ls TAAF. Before being officially discovered in 1772 the Kergeuelen Islands appear as the "Ile de Nachtegal" on Philippe Buache's 1754 map entitled Carte des Terres Australes comprises entre le Tropique du Capricorne et le Pôle Antarctique où se voyent les nouvelles découvertes faites en 1739 au Sud du Cap de Bonne Esperance ('Map of the Southern Lands contained between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Pole, where the new discoveries made in 1739 to the south of the Cape of Good Hope may b… The islands are part of a submerged microcontinent called the Kerguelen sub-continent. CNES needed a tracking station in the Southern Hemisphere, and the French government required that it be located on French territory, rather than in a populated, but foreign, place like Australia or New Zealand. Port Christmas is a former geomagnetic station on Baie de l'Oiseau, in the extreme northwest of the Loranchet Peninsula. Scientists hope that studying the Kerguelen sub-continent will help them discover how Australia, India, and Antarctica broke apart.[25]. Port-aux-Français receives a modest amount of precipitation (708 mm (27.9 in) per year) compared to the west coast which receives an estimated three times as much precipitation per year. Baie de l'Observatoire (Observatory Bay) is a former geomagnetic observation station, just west of Port-Aux-Français, on the eastern fringe of the Central Plateau, along the northern shore of the Golfe du Morbihan. A series of articles were published in The Times in which Parris charted his visit, and a documentary "To The Ends of Earth: Dreaming on Desolation Island" was produced for UK television, which aired on Channel 4. Various veins and extrusions of lava such as trachytes, trachyphonolites, and phonolites are common all over the islands. ", Henry De Vere Stacpoole set his 1919 novel The Beach of Dreams on the islands. Glaciation caused the depression and tipping phenomena which created the gulfs at the north and east of the archipelago. An American expedition led by G. P. Ryan erected a station at this site on 7 September 1874. Îles Kerguelen from Mapcarta, the free map. [8](p167) Modern industrial sealing, associated with whaling stations, occurred intermittently between 1908 and 1956. It is possible this early name was after Abel Tasman's ship De Zeeuwsche Nachtegaal. Grande Terre has also numerous bays, inlets, fjords, and coves, as well as several peninsulas and promontories. Kerguelen has been continually occupied since 1950 by scientific research teams, with a population of 50 to 100 personnel frequently present. There are also five fishing boats and vessels, owned by fishermen on Réunion Island (a department of France about 3,500 km (2,200 mi) to the north) who are licensed to fish within the archipelago's exclusive economic zone. Vous êtes libre de la réutiliser, tant que vous me citez en tant qu'auteur et suivez les instructions de la licence. Désormais, le nom propre « Grande Terre » ou « Grande-Terre » apparaît régulièrement dans les écrits mêmes de l'Administration des TAAF, comme dans le plan de gestion de la Réserve naturelle[4]. Il ne figure ni dans la liste officielle des toponymes des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises arrêtée et publiée en 1973 par la Commission territoriale de toponymie[1], ni sur la carte topographique éditée également en 1973 par l'IGN[2]. Of the seven species introduced, only brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta survived to establish wild populations. Comme le reste des îles Kerguelen et des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, la Grande Terre ne possède aucun habitant permanent.En revanche, il existe une base à Port-aux-Français, sur la côte méridionale de la péninsule Courbet.S'y relaient environ 80 scientifiques en hiver et 120 en été, ainsi qu'une dizaine d'ingénieurs et de techniciens. During their stay the crew performed maintenance and replenished their water supplies. Les principales sont, par rapport au glacier Cook : Comme le reste des îles Kerguelen et des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, la Grande Terre ne possède aucun habitant permanent. Elles sont un territoire français d' outre-mer et des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises . Les Îles Kerguelen font partie des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises et réservées aux recherches scientifiques, portant sur la météorologie et la sismologie notamment. Elles constituent l’un des cinq districts des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF). The University of Texas at Austin, Office of Public Affairs, In fact the islands' antipodal point, 49°15'N, 110°50'W, falls near, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, French overseas departments and territories, Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans, List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands, "Collectivités territoriales françaises", Sea Level Measurement and Analysis in the Western Indian Ocean, "Kerguelen â Yves Trémarec â James Cook â Asia â Hillsborough â Rhodes", "Kerguelen â Morell â John Nunn â Ross â Ofley â Challenger â Fuller â Eure â Bossière", "19th Century History of Kerguelen Island, South Indian Ocean", "Geological Framework of the Kerguelen Plateau and Adjacent Ocean Basins", "Updated world map of the KöppenâGeiger climate classification", "Le climat à Port aux Français (en °C et mm, moyennes mensuelles 1971/2000 et records depuis 1973) sur MeteoStats", "Al Stewart â Past, Present and Future", "South Atlantic & Subantarctic Islands site, Kerguelen Archipelago page", Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerguelen_Islands&oldid=990981168, Archipelagoes of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Volcanoes of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Articles with dead external links from January 2017, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2012, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2018, Articles with trivia sections from May 2019, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with French-language sources (fr), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Presqu'île de la Société de Géographie, Anse Betsy (Betsy Cove) is a former geomagnetic station on Baie Accessible (Accessible Bay), on the north coast of the Courbet Peninsula. Hotel Rouen sur le site Mapcarta, la carte libre. In 2004 they were permanently transformed into their own entity (keeping the same name) but having inherited another group of five very remote tropical islands, les îles Ãparses, which are also ruled by France and are dispersed widely throughout the southern Indian Ocean. En revanche, il existe une base à Port-aux-Français, sur la côte méridionale de la péninsule Courbet. All climate readings come from the Port-aux-Français base, which has one of the more favourable climates in Kerguelen because of its proximity to the coast and its location in a gulf sheltered from the wind. Port Douzième (Twelfth Port) is a hut and former geomagnetic station on the southern shore of the Golfe du Morbihan. Molloy (Pointe Molloy) is a former observatory 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the present-day Port-Aux-Français, on the northern shore of the Golfe du Morbihan (Kerguelen). Under the Köppen climate classification, Kerguelen's climate is considered to be an ET or tundra climate, which is technically a form of polar climate, as the average temperature in the warmest month is below 10 °C (50 °F). [33] The 1874 short story "The Tachypomp" by Edward Page Mitchell tells of a hole through the center of the Earth with one end in the United States and the other in "Kerguellen's Land" (which is roughly antipodal to the United States and Canada[34]). [22] The plateau was built by volcanic eruptions associated with the Kerguelen hotspot, and now lies on the Antarctic plate.[23]. On this site an astronomical and geomagnetic observatory was erected on 26 October 1874 by a German research expedition led by Georg Gustav Freiherr von Schleinitz. 1 Port aux Français – Unique ville des îles. Pour ce qui est des TAAF et des îles éparses, ce nombre varie très souvent. Démographie. During this time Captain Robert Rhodes, her master, prepared a chart of the islands. Interactive enhanced satellite map for Port-aux-Français, Îles Kerguelen, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF). La partie occidentale est bordée de hautes falaises, de 400 à 700 mètres de haut, la partie orientale descend de manière plus adoucie vers la mer. [30] They survive on sea birds and the feral rabbits that were introduced to the islands. The Kerguelen sub-continent finally sank 20 million years ago and is now one to two kilometres (0.6 to 1.2 mi) below sea level. Réserve naturelle des Terres australes françaises, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, Territoire des terres australes et antarctiques françaises, Portail des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grande_Terre_(îles_Kerguelen)&oldid=168347325, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Portail:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Plant life is mainly limited to grasses, mosses, and lichens, although the islands are also known for the indigenous, edible Kerguelen cabbage, a good source of vitamin C to mariners. La Grande Terre mesure environ 150 kilomètres de longueur d'ouest en est et 120 kilomètres de largeur du nord au sud. In January 2007, an archaeological excavation was carried out at this site. Leur population donnée ici n'est donc qu'une approximation très imprécise fournie à titre purement indicatif. The warmest months of the year include January and February, with average temperatures between 7.8 and 8.2 °C (46.0 and 46.8 °F).
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