In November 2014, Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt) former FDGR/DFDR mayor Klaus Iohannis was elected president, unexpectedly defeating former Prime Minister Victor Ponta, who had been previously leading in the opinion polls. [56][63] The Bulgars, who also came from the Eurasian steppes, occupied the Lower Danube region in 680. Il comune è formato dall'unione di 6 villaggi: Berindan, Cucu, Eteni, Mărtineşti, Odoreu, Vânătoreşti. [12] In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. [179] Most of the Jewish population of Moldavia, Wallachia, Banat and Southern Transylvania survived,[180] but their fundamental rights were limited. ", "Arad: "Bătrâna Doamnă", UTA Arad, împlinește, joi, 74 de ani. Haría: depsectus in vicum anno 2011. [466], The second most popular team sport is handball. [392] In 2010, Romania had 428 state and 25 private hospitals,[393] with 6.2 hospital beds per 1,000 people,[394] and over 200,000 medical staff, including over 52,000 doctors. [64] The first Slavic groups settled in Moldavia and Wallachia in the 6th century,[65] in Transylvania around 600. [72][73] The reliability of the Gesta is debated. [268] The Air Force purchased seven new C-27J Spartan tactical airlifters,[269] while the Naval Forces acquired two modernised Type 22 frigates from the British Royal Navy. The Carpathian Mountains dominate the centre of Romania, with 14 mountain ranges reaching above 2,000 m or 6,600 ft—the highest is Moldoveanu Peak at 2,544 m or 8,346 ft.[235]:11 They are surrounded by the Moldavian and Transylvanian plateaus, the Carpathian Basin and the Wallachian plains. [4], The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with other Orthodox churches, with a Patriarch as its leader. [152] After the October Revolution turned Russia from an ally into an enemy, Romania was forced to sign a harsh peace treaty with the Central Powers in May 1918,[153] but the collapse of Russia also enabled the union of Bessarabia with Romania. [40] Burebista was the first Dacian ruler to unite the local tribes. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy. [258] Romania has also made clear since the late 1990s that it supports NATO and EU membership for the democratic former Soviet republics in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. [50][51], The Carpians, Goths and other neighbouring tribes made regular raids against Dacia from the 210s. 2010. Tageo.com fourni des informations sur 2 667 417 lieux, cités et villages dans le monde entier. The market for professional football in Romania is roughly €740 million according to UEFA. [164][165] With oil production of 5.8 million tons in 1930, Romania ranked sixth in the world. [237], The Danube river forms a large part of the border with Serbia and Bulgaria, and flows into the Black Sea, forming the Danube Delta, which is the second-largest and best-preserved delta in Europe, and a biosphere reserve and a biodiversity World Heritage Site. – Interviu", "EXCLUSIV | "Angelo Niculescu mi-a zis că nu mă bagă pentru că sunt maghiar şi Partidul crede că vând meciul. In 2016, the Romanian diaspora was estimated to be over 3.6 million people, the fifth-highest emigrant population in the world.[234]. [d][348] The Roma minority is usually underestimated in census data and may represent up to 10% of the population. The municipality of Bucharest is a special case, as it enjoys a status on par to that of a county. [105], The Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, and the Ottomans occupied parts of Banat and Crișana in 1541. At the Cannes Film Festival, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu by Cristi Puiu won the Prix Un Certain Regard in 2005,[410] while 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days by Cristian Mungiu won the festival's top prize, the Palme d'Or, in 2007. [52] The Romans could not resist, and Emperor Aurelian ordered the evacuation of the province Dacia Trajana in 271. Accueil. [349] Hungarians constitute a majority in the counties of Harghita and Covasna. [87] Colonists from the Holy Roman Empire—the Transylvanian Saxons' ancestors—came to the province in the 1150s. [175] The Iron Guard staged a coup against Antonescu, but he crushed the riot with German support and introduced a military dictatorship in early 1941. [398], In the 20th century, a number of Romanian artists and writers achieved international acclaim, including: Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco,[399] Mircea Eliade, Nicolae Grigorescu, Marin Preda, Liviu Rebreanu,[400] Eugène Ionesco, Emil Cioran, and Constantin Brâncuși. 4/2015 37 – 44Romanian Oil Industry Decline", "Romania Expects to be Energy Independent Despite Ukraine Crisis", "Contractul pentru unitatile 3 si 4 de la centrala nucleara Cernavoda se va parafa in mai. [468] In women's handball, powerhouse CSM București lifted the EHF Champions League trophy in 2016. Romania ranks 52nd in the Human Development Index,[13] and is a developing country[14][15] with a high-income economy. Overall, it has played in seven World Cups and had its most successful period during the 1990s, when it finished 6th at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, eventually being ranked 3rd by FIFA in 1997.[432]. Source secondaire non précisée et non vérifiée. [235]:17 A total of 103 of the larger cities have municipality status, which gives them greater administrative power over local affairs. >>Monde>>Roumanie. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, part of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. Vous souhaitez facturer la TVA à une entreprise roumaine et vous voulez au préalable vérifier la validité du numéro de TVA? Le statut ne s'acquiert donc pas automatiquement en remplissant les critères mentionnés. [300], In January 2020, Romania's external debt was reported to be US$122 billion according to CEIC data. [217][218], Nevertheless, there have been efforts to tackle corruption. French Roumanie, German and Swedish Rumänien, Spanish Rumania (the archaic form Rumanía is still in use in Spain), Polish Rumunia, Russian Румыния (Rumyniya), and Japanese ルーマニア (Rūmania). [155][156] Peace treaties with Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary delineated the new borders in 1919 and 1920, but the Soviet Union did not acknowledge the loss of Bessarabia. KOMPAS.com – Beragam buah untuk menurunkan gula darah penting diketahui terutama bagi penderita pra-diabetes, diabetes atau masalah kesehatan lain yang terkait dengan kadar gula darah. [92][93], The Mongols destroyed large territories during their invasion of Eastern and Central Europe in 1241 and 1242. The prefect is appointed by the central government but cannot be a member of any political party. Romania in the interwar period, following the, Monarchy was abolished on 30 December 1947 upon the proclamation of the, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 19:31. [422], Romanian cuisine has been influenced by Austrian and German cuisine (especially in the historical regions that had been formerly administered by the Habsburg Monarchy), but also shares some similarities with other cuisines in the Balkan region such as the Greek, Bulgarian, or Serbian cuisine. [132][133] The Wallachian revolutionists were the first to adopt the blue, yellow and red tricolour as the national flag. [195][196][197], In 1948, the state began to nationalise private firms and to collectivise agriculture. [166][167] The democratic parties were squeezed between conflicts with the fascist and anti-Semitic Iron Guard and the authoritarian tendencies of King Carol II. 1,327 likes. [188] In February 1947, the Paris Peace Treaties confirmed the return of Northern Transylvania to Romania, but they also legalised the presence of units of the Red Army in the country. [223][224] However, Romania's development suffered a major setback during the late-2000s' recession leading to a large gross domestic product contraction and a budget deficit in 2009. [387] Romania has achieved the highest team score in the competition, after China, Russia, the United States and Hungary. (fr) Balc (in ungherese Bályok) è un comune della Romania di 3.571 abitanti, ubicato nel distretto di Bihor, nella regione storica della Transilvania. [403], Prominent Romanian painters include: Nicolae Grigorescu, Ștefan Luchian, Ion Andreescu Nicolae Tonitza and Theodor Aman. Of these, 650,000 were in kindergarten (three-six years), 3.11 million in primary and secondary level, and 650,000 in tertiary level (universities). [274] Romanian troops participated in the occupation of Iraq, reaching a peak of 730 soldiers before being slowly drawn down to 350 soldiers. Since then, there have been several other democratic changes of government: in 1996 Emil Constantinescu was elected president, in 2000 Iliescu returned to power, while Traian Băsescu was elected in 2004 and narrowly re-elected in 2009.[212]. [27] Romania became the predominant spelling around 1975. [74][75][76] The Pechenegs seized the lowlands abandoned by the Hungarians to the east of the Carpathians. [140] The parliament adopted the first constitution of Romania in the same year. [469], Popular individual sports include combat sports,[464] martial arts,[464] and swimming. [430], Football is the most popular sport in Romania with over 219,000 registered players as of 2018[update]. ", "Ansamblul sculptural Constantin Brancusi din Targu Jiu", "How important is tourism in Romania's economy? [160] Romania was a multiethnic country, with ethnic minorities making up about 30% of the population, but the new constitution declared it a unitary national state in 1923. The vast majority of the population identifies as ethnic Romanian and Eastern Orthodox Christian and are native speakers of Romanian, a Romance language. [232] In 2016 the Human Development Index ranked Romania as a nation of "Very High Human Development". [200] A 2006 Commission estimated the number of direct victims of the Communist repression at two million people. Carte de la Roumanie. [454] They were also Europa League semi-finalists in 2006. [171] The two countries concluded a treaty concerning the coordination of their economic policies in 1939, but the King could not persuade Adolf Hitler to guarantee Romania's frontiers. [455] Dinamo București reached the Champions League semi-final in 1984 and the Cup Winners' Cup semi-final in 1990. [171] German preparations for a new war required the regular supply of Romanian oil and agricultural products. [9] It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. [388][389][390], Romania has a universal health care system; total health expenditures by the government are roughly 5% of GDP. [136] The united principalities officially adopted the name Romania on 21 February 1862. [346] Starting in December 2014, Romania became a co-owner of the International Space Station. Transmissible diseases are quite common by European standards. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. It is a semi-presidential republic where executive functions are held by both the government and the president. Enclavé dans le județ d'Ilfov, le municipe de Bucarest a un statut particulier avec sept maires, dont six pour les six secteurs. [178] Romanian and German troops massacred at least 160,000 local Jews in these territories; more than 105,000 Jews and about 11,000 Gypsies died during their deportation from Bessarabia to Transnistria. [119] The sultans lost confidence in the native princes and appointed Orthodox merchants from the Phanar district of Istanbul to rule Moldova and Wallachia. [40][41] He also conquered the Greek colonies in Dobruja and the neighbouring peoples as far as the Middle Danube and the Balkan Mountains between around 55 and 44 BC. Amintiri târzii cu 'Gerd Muller al României' – Fanatik.ro", "Kicker: "Nemuritorul" Dorinel Munteanu | Romania Libera", "Middlesbrough seek UEFA Cup cure – UEFA.com", "Cum putea Dinamo domina Europa, în viziunea lui Lucescu! Deputații au adoptat noua Lege Electorală propusă de USL", "Post-Accession (Anti-)Corruption Record in Romania and Bulgaria", "Foreign Policy Priorities of Romania for 2008", "Romania's Schengen Accession in Jeopardy Over Rule of Law", "Background Note: Romania – U.S.-Romanian Relations", "Bucharest Herald Resources & Information", "Romania'S Relations with the Republic of Moldova", "Rediscovering History, Rediscovering Ultimate Truth", "Moldova, Romania open new chapter in bilateral relations", "Romania Finally Settles On Portuguese F-16s", "PICTURES: Romania accepts first C-27J Spartans-12/04/2010-London", "Romania: 2 soldiers killed, 1 injured in Afghanistan", "Joint Press Conference of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and US President Donald Trump, Rose Garden, White House – Embassy of Romania to the United States of America", "Romania To Send 450 More Troops To Afghanistan", "Romania ends combat mission in Afghanistan with visit from Prime Minister", "Romania ratifies US missile shield agreement", "Hierarchical list of the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics – NUTS and the Statistical regions of Europe", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Romania to Get Next Installment of Bailout", "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) – Romania", "Net average wage in Romania slows down to real 4.8% annual rise", "Eurostat, HICP – monthly data (12-month average rate of change)", "In January 2017, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was estimated at 5.4%", Industrial production up by 0.4% in euro area and EU27|Eurostat, "Top 20 companies in Romania by turnover", "IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011 – Central and Eastern Europe", "Romania - share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product 2018", https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Farmers_in_the_EU_-_statistics, "FDI stock in Romania approaches EUR 84 bln", "Banca Naţională a României – "The History of the Romanian Leu" Exhibition", "Romania External Debt 2004–2020 Monthly USD mn CEIC Data", "Country Comparison-Electricity Consumptiom", "Planul Naţional de Acţiune în Domeniul Energiei din Surse Regenerabile (PNAER)", "Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges Vol.IV(LXVII) No. [3] Like other countries in the region, its population is expected to decline gradually as a result of sub-replacement fertility rates and negative net migration rate. [299] After joining the EU in 2007, Romania is expected to adopt the Euro in 2024. [226] Worsening economic conditions led to unrest and triggered a political crisis in 2012. [149] German and Austrian-Hungarian diplomacy supported Bulgaria during the war, bringing about a rapprochement between Romania and the Triple Entente of France, Russia and the United Kingdom. He was World Number 2 in 2015. [69] Centuries later, the Gesta Hungarorum wrote of the invading Magyars' wars against three dukes—Glad, Menumorut and the Vlach Gelou—for Banat, Crișana and Transylvania. Material from this article can be used in other publications provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material. Two spelling forms: român and rumân were used interchangeably[a] until sociolinguistic developments in the late 17th century led to semantic differentiation of the two forms: rumân came to mean "bondsman", while român retained the original ethnolinguistic meaning. [369] Its canonical jurisdiction covers the territories of Romania and Moldova. [364] English and French are the main foreign languages taught in schools. [361], Romanian is spoken as a first language by approximately 90% of the entire population, while Hungarian and Vlax Romani are spoken by 6.2% and 1.2% of the population, respectively. "[262], Relations with Moldova are a special case given that the two countries share the same language and a common history. [295] [382] Kindergarten is optional between three and six years. She has ended 2017 and 2018 as WTA's World Number 1. Approximately 25.8% of the Romanian workforce is employed in agriculture, one of the highest rates in Europe. [16] It has the world's 45th largest economy by nominal GDP, with an annual economic growth rate of 3.5% as of 2020. [114] The Habsburgs supported the Catholic clergy and persuaded the Orthodox Romanian prelates to accept the union with the Roman Catholic Church in 1699. [143], The Transylvanian Romanians and Saxons wanted to maintain the separate status of Transylvania in the Habsburg Monarchy, but the Austro-Hungarian Compromise brought about the union of the province with Hungary in 1867. [319] More than 60% of the foreign visitors in 2007 were from other EU countries. [98][99] The second Romanian principality, Moldavia, achieved full autonomy during the reign of Bogdan I around 1360. [344], The nuclear physics facility of the European Union's proposed Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) laser will be built in Romania. Afterwards Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania as well as parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 square miles), Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the seventh-most populous member state of the European Union, having approximately 19.3 million inhabitants (as of 2020). Câte milioane de români au acces la internet", "• Chart: Blistering broadband: Europe's fastest downloaders | Statista", "Top 10: Where to Find the World's Fastest Internet", "Romanian city comes out first in the world in Internet download speed ranking", "Country/Economy Profiles: Romania, Page 329 Travel&Tourism", "Tourism attracted in 2005 investments worth €400 million", Report from Romanian National Institute of Statistics, "Castelul Bran, marcat de istorie, dar şi de legenda lui Dracula atrage anual sute de mii de turişti", "Bine ati venit pe site-ul de promovare a pensiunilor agroturistice din Romania !!! [105] Transylvania and Maramureș, along with the rest of Banat and Crișana developed into a new state under Ottoman suzerainty, the Principality of Transylvania. [223], The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2018 was estimated at 1.36 children born per woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and one of the lowest in the world,[352] it remains considerably below the high of 5.82 children born per woman in 1912. Par leur urbanisation, elles se distinguent des communes (en roumain : comună) qui sont des localités de milieu rural. [34] Some of them developed into "proto-cities",[34] which were larger than 320 hectares (800 acres). [158] A new electoral system granted voting rights to all adult male citizens, and a series of radical agrarian reforms transformed the country into a "nation of small landowners" between 1918 and 1921. Arta populara", "Winter holidays and Christmas traditions in Romania: the Bear dance, the Masked carolers and the Goat", "ROMANIA – Traditions and Folklore – Official Travel and Tourism Information", "Ministrul Agriculturii: UE accepta ca mieii de Pasti si porcii de Craciun sa fie sacrificati in mod traditional – Actualitate", "Martisor, a Spring celebration for Eastern Europeans", "Christina Bradatan, Cuisine and Cultural Identity in Balkans", "Romanian Recipes – like mom used to make", "28 Romanian Foods The Whole World Should Know – oneJive", "Retete traditionale Moldova: retete peste sau cu carne de porc", "Bucatarie romaneasca – Cultura si retete – Articole", "Țuica production consumed 75% of Romanian plums in 2003", "Football's impact in the Romanian economy reaches EUR 740 million annually, FRF estimates show", "The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking – Associations – Romania – Men's", "Gheorghe Hagi: the Maradona of the Carpathians", "Nicolae Dobrin: Romania's true greatest ever player", "European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") 1970", "Video Un Rio Formidabil: Mircea Lucescu, atacant dreapta în echipa de vis", "Former Romania captain Costica Stefanescu dies aged 62", "Concluzia dura a unei legende de la Steaua: Totul e un dezastru! [307] In 2015, the main sources were coal (28%), hydroelectric (30%), nuclear (18%), and hydrocarbons (14%). Ce statut est accordé aux grandes villes, avec un degré élevé d'urbanisation, avec une population relativement importante, en général dépassant les 15 000 habitants et avec un rôle économique, social, politique et culturel significatif. The former governed Romania from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments, with Ion Iliescu as head of state. Noted athletes in the history of Romanian sports (clockwise from top left): Early Modern Times and national awakening. [128][125], The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca authorised the Russian ambassador in Istanbul to defend the autonomy of Moldavia and Wallachia (known as the Danubian Principalities) in 1774. [247] In summer, average maximum temperatures in Bucharest rise to 28 °C (82 °F), and temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are fairly common in the lower-lying areas of the country. Wikimedia Foundation. [305], Romania is a net exporter of electrical energy and is 52nd worldwide in terms of consumption of electric energy. [412], The list of World Heritage Sites includes six cultural sites located within Romania, including eight painted churches of northern Moldavia, eight wooden churches of Maramureș, seven villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, the Horezu Monastery, and the Historic Centre of Sighișoara. [278] The cities and communes correspond to the NUTS-5 level divisions, but there are no current NUTS-4 level divisions. [30] Neolithic techniques and agriculture spread after the arrival of a mixed group of people from Thessaly in the 6th millennium BC.
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